Abstract
This study examined the effects of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramic surface treatments on the tensile bond strength and surface characteristics of enamel. To measure the tensile bond strength, the 3Y-TZP and tooth specimens were manufactured in a mini-dumbbell shape and divided into four groups based on the type of 3Y-TZP surface treatment: polishing (P), 110 µm alumina sandblasting (S), 110 µm alumina sandblasting combined with selective infiltration etching (SS), and 110 µm alumina sandblasting combined with MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate)-containing silane primer (SP). After surface treatment, the surface roughness, wettability, and surface changes were examined, and the tensile bond strength was measured. The mean values (from lowest to highest) for tensile bond strength (MPa) were as follows: P, 8.94 ± 2.30; S, 21.33 ± 2.00; SS, 26.67 ± 4.76; and SP, 31.74 ± 2.66. Compared to the P group, the mean surface roughness was significantly increased, and the mean contact angle was significantly decreased, while wettability was increased in the other groups. Therefore, surface treatment with 110 µm alumina sandblasting and MDP-containing silane primer is suitable for clinical applications, as it considerably improves the bond strength between 3Y-TZP and enamel.
Highlights
The yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramic is used widely in the clinic for esthetic restorations, because of its excellent esthetic performance and biocompatibility, as well as its high strength and fracture toughness, all of which demonstrate its superiority to other all-ceramic materials [1]
Hydrofluoric acid etching cannot be performed on zirconia because it does not contain glass, and silane primer cannot provide sufficient bond strength by itself as no reaction occurs because of the lack of silica in zirconia means that no reaction occurs [4]
This study evaluated the bond strength between 3Y-TZP (3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) ceramic and enamel after applying sandblasting with various surface treatment methods, including the selective infiltration etching (SIE) technique, and the use of methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing silane primer
Summary
The yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramic is used widely in the clinic for esthetic restorations, because of its excellent esthetic performance and biocompatibility, as well as its high strength and fracture toughness, all of which demonstrate its superiority to other all-ceramic materials [1]. For the long-term success of esthetic restorations using zirconia, it is essential to enhance retention and resistance of the restoration through strong bonding with the tooth structure. The methods generally used to achieve this outcome include the following: (i) expanding the surface area of the ceramic to enhance the bond strength with the tooth structure; (ii) hydrofluoric acid etching to create a stronger micro-mechanical interlock; and (iii) the use of silane primer to achieve chemical bond strength [3]. Hydrofluoric acid etching cannot be performed on zirconia because it does not contain glass, and silane primer cannot provide sufficient bond strength by itself as no reaction occurs because of the lack of silica in zirconia means that no reaction occurs [4].
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