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Abstract
The feasibility of a color machine vision technique with the one-class classification method was investigated for the quality assessment of tomato seeds. The health of seeds is an important quality factor that affects their germination rate, which may be affected by seed contamination. Hence, segregation of healthy seeds from diseased and infected seeds, along with foreign materials and broken seeds, is important to improve the final yield. In this study, a custom-built machine vision system containing a color camera with a white light emitting diode (LED) light source was adopted for image acquisition. The one-class classification method was used to identify healthy seeds after extracting the features of the samples. A significant difference was observed between the features of healthy and infected seeds, and foreign materials, implying a certain threshold. The results indicated that tomato seeds can be classified with an accuracy exceeding 97%. The infected tomato seeds indicated a lower germination rate (<10%) compared to healthy seeds, as confirmed by the organic growing media germination test. Thus, identification through image analysis and rapid measurement were observed as useful in discriminating between the quality of tomato seeds in real time.
Highlights
On a global scale, tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops, accounting for approximately 15% of the total vegetable production
Feature selection for the identification of good tomato seeds of any variety from infected seed or foreign materials based on color, morphological, and textural features were used simultaneously
The features of 2000 healthy tomato seeds (1000 seeds for each variety) were initially extracted, and a calibration model was developed using multivariate data analysis combined with DD-SIMCA
Summary
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops, accounting for approximately 15% of the total vegetable production. Tomatoes are sensitive and prone to diseases, and over 20 bacterial and fungal diseases can affect tomato production. This requires the use of chemicals and pesticides to prevent the invasion of germs [1,2]. In the list compiled for 2019, tomatoes were at number 10 [3], which is an alarming issue for the climate and mass health. The major constraints in tomato production include viruses, pests, diseases, and a lack of quality seeds for further healthy tomato production [4,5,6,7] which affect the consumer, seed-producing industries, and the economy. Tomatoes produce a small number of seeds (150–300 g/ha based on the variety) [10], rendering healthy tomato seeds expensive
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