Abstract
Abstract The static step-by-step deposition and extraction technique (SbS-DET) was explored as a prior methodology for efficient and low cost treatment of total hardness in sea water. Removal of Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions from sea water samples was based on sequential surface deposition in the form of 8-hydroxyquinolate complexes. Several important experimental controlling factors were examined, optimized and evaluated in this study such as the effect of dipping time, reaction temperature, initial concentration of 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand, number of dipping cycle and exposed surface area. The results of this study refer to an excellent and efficient removal of total hardness from the investigated sea water samples. The number of dipping cycle and exposed surface area were characterized from this study as the most important experimental controlling factors. The total hardness was dropped from 4629 to 381.9 mg L −1 as CaCO 3 with a 91.75% removal value by using 30 dipping cycle, 3 min dipping time and 76 cm 2 surface area. The same trend was also obtained by producing a 91.47% removal value of the total hardness when the exposed surface area was used as 114 cm 2 . The progress of SbS-DET was also characterized by a gradual drop in the pH value of sea water from 8.0 to 6.5 upon completion of the removal process.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
