Abstract
The rechargeability of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) cathodes in the presence of small amounts (<5 wt.%) of TiB 2 and TiS 2 additives has been investigated in alkaline cells in the one electron regime and the data are compared with those obtained with the already known Bi 2O 3 additive. Both the TiB 2 and TiS 2 additives are found to offer slightly better cyclability at higher number of cycles compared to the Bi 2O 3 additive. However, the incorporation of small amounts of TiB 2 or TiS 2 into the Bi 2O 3 additive leads to a significant improvement in the cyclability compared to the Bi 2O 3 additive, possibly due to a synergistic effect. X-ray diffraction patterns recorded before and after 30 cycles as well as cyclic voltammograms recorded after 3 and 30 cycles reveal that the better cyclability in the presence of TiB 2 and TiS 2 additives is due to the suppression of the formation of unwanted, electrochemically inactive birnessite and hausmannite phases and a shifting of the second electron capacity of Mn to higher potentials.
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