Abstract
The use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) to improve the energy efficiency of water networks has been studied in the last years. This recovery system is justified due to a low investment contrasting with the capacity to take advantage in certain points with low and medium recoverable heads. Analyses of water systems using simulation software and/or optimization algorithms need the characteristic curves (head and efficiency) of the machines, which should be known with minor error by the water managers. The knowledge of the best efficiency point (BEP) as a turbine is one of the major limitations when the user wants to choose PATs. In this sense, the present research defines new approach equations to estimate the BEP of the PAT, as well as to predict the characteristic curves, comparing the results with the rest of the published methods. The comparison demonstrated that the new proposal reduced the error indexes, improved the R2 and increased the accuracy of the error ellipse using an experimental database of 181 different PATs.
Highlights
Energy analyses are crucial in water networks when water managers want to apply measurements to improve the sustainability in water systems [1]
pumps working as turbines (PATs), 60% higher studies used machine was between
All analyses were applied at the best efficiency point (BEP) was studied
Summary
Energy analyses are crucial in water networks when water managers want to apply measurements to improve the sustainability in water systems [1]. The major challenges of the PATs analyses are: (i) to choose the necessary pump when the available recovered head as a function of flow over time is known; (ii) to predict the operation point of the PAT (i.e., Q, H and η) when the pump is selected and (iii) to estimate the characteristic, efficiency and runaway curves in order to use in the simulation and optimization algorithms.
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