Abstract
Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 composite anodes are successfully prepared by a facile solid state route. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of all samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and charge–discharge tests, respectively. XRD reveals that the little La3+ ions enter into the lattice, and then make the crystal lattice of Li4Ti5O12 expand. SEM shows that all samples are composed of 1–2 μm primary particles with irregular shapes. CV and EIS imply that Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 composites have lower polarization, larger lithium-ion diffusion coefficient and smaller charge transfer resistance corresponding to a much higher conductivity than those of Li4Ti5O12 corresponding to the extraction of Li+ ions. The improved electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 composites can be attributed to the enhanced transfer kinetics of both the lithium ions and electrons. Particularly, Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 (5 wt.%) composite shows a excellent high-rate capability and cycling stability. Therefore, the present Li4Ti5O12–Li0.33La0.56TiO3 (5 wt.%) composite anode is capable of large-scale applications, such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, requiring high energy, long life and excellent safety.
Published Version
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