Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for preventing insects from transmitting plant viruses. This group of chemicals are easily taken up by plants and translocated to different tissues and are applicable for soil treatment in sustained-release tablets, which greatly reduces environmental contamination compared to foliar spray. The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and nitenpyram in tablet formulation against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, the vector of tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Effective 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and nitenpyram on B. tabaci were 2.18, 0.46 and 0.18 μg/g plant tissue, respectively. In vitro test showed that tablets of 10 mg nitenpyram applied in seedbed with thiamethoxam transplanting treatment showed 80.9% control of B. tabaci on tomato and 75.5% of ToCV after 32 days of transplanting. Therefore, neonicotinoid tablets were an effective strategy of soil treatment in controlling viruliferous insects and ToCV with reduced environmental contamination.
Highlights
Vegetable crops have been threatened by viral diseases that cause significant economic losses (Dáder et al 2015; Tolin and Fayad 2016), and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the pathogenic agents leading to the diseases
Effective 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and nitenpyram on B. tabaci To determin the effective leathal concentration of neonicotinoid in plants on B. tabaci, biological assay together coupled with High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were applied
Mortality rate of B. tabaci ranged from 1.81 to 94.27% when tomato leaves were soaked in aqueous solution of thiamethoxam from 2 to 100 μg/mL in advance, and no B. tabaci died at concentrations of thiamethoxam lower than 2 μg/mL (Fig. 1)
Summary
Vegetable crops have been threatened by viral diseases that cause significant economic losses (Dáder et al 2015; Tolin and Fayad 2016), and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the pathogenic agents leading to the diseases. ToCV can reduce the vigor of tomato plant and lead to a significant decline in fruit production (Zhao et al 2014). For directly suppressing plant viruses, no effective chemicals are available. Viruses may be controlled by management of virus-spreading vectors (Roditakis et al 2017; Zheng et al 2017). Previous studies have shown that ToCV is transmitted by whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Wintermantel and Wisler 2006; Orfanidou et al 2014). Neonicotinoids insecticides, a group of systemic chemicals, have been widely used to control
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