Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising alternative to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. It has particular advantages when injected directly into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. However, when using hydrogen for automotive applications, large and heavy tanks are required. This problem can be lessened by the proposed thermocontrolled tank concept which uses well insulated high pressure cylinders initially filled with liquid hydrogen which changes phase to compressed gas at a low temperature of 100 to 200 K and high pressure of 300 bar. The gas pressure is maintained during vehicle operation at over 100 bar by the heat transfer to the tank and used for direct hydrogen injection. To increase the heat transfer, the energy of the engine exhaust gases can be used. This concept requires an electronic control based on microprocessor technology with temperature and pressure sensors, as well as electronically actuated valves for the control of heat transfer from the engine exhaust gases to the tank.
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