The Use of Liquid, Slush, Gel and Solid Hydrogen in Fuel Systems of Transport Equipment

Abstract

AbstractThe volatility of hydrogen and its flammability make it an irreplaceable fuel in the cold Arctic climate. To use liquid hydrogen, it is necessary to solve the problem of its stationary storage and safe operation. In order to create automated control systems for the storage and fuel supply of liquid hydrogen, the dependences of its physical properties on temperature are given. The data on promising types of hydrogen fuel, such as slurry, gel-like and solid ones are presented. It is shown that in the design and operation of liquid hydrogen supply systems, cryogenic hydrogen stationary and transport tanks and cryogenic onboard hydrogen storage and supply systems, the following operations are most difficult: refueling of tanks and containers; non-drainage storage of liquid hydrogen; gas saturation of liquid hydrogen with non-condensable gas (helium); drainage of hydrogen vapors and displacement of liquid hydrogen. The article indicates the main parameters of heat and mass transfer processes in fuel cryosystems running on hydrogen at the main stages of operation. Calculated dependencies are given that allow calculating the main parameters of heat and mass transfer processes at all stages of design and operation of cryogenic hydrogen tanks for fuel storage and supply systems.KeywordsLiquid hydrogenPhysical indicators of liquid hydrogenSlush gel and solid hydrogenHeat and mass transfer characteristics