Abstract
Background To determine hemodynamic parameters from 4D flow MRI, vessel boundaries are typically depicted by calculating a 3D phase contrast MR angiogram (PC-MRA) from 4D flow magnitude and flow images. However, this approach is limited by 1) low blood-tissue contrast of the magnitude images and 2) velocity weighting of PC-MRA may not fully depict areas of slow or swirling (vortex) flow. As a result, 3D flow analysis at the aortic root has been challenging due to the presence of vortex flow distal to the aortic valve. Fast 3D balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) time-resolved MRI sequences offer a promising alternative, providing anatomical images with improved blood-tissue contrast. The goal of this feasibility study was to integrate results from 3D CINE bSSFP with 4D flow MRI to improve the segmentation of vessel anatomy and thus 3D blood flow assessment compared to standard segmentation using PC-MRA data alone.
Highlights
To determine hemodynamic parameters from 4D flow MRI, vessel boundaries are typically depicted by calculating a 3D phase contrast MR angiogram (PC-MRA) from 4D flow magnitude and flow images
Fast 3D balanced steady state free precession time-resolved MRI sequences offer a promising alternative, providing anatomical images with improved blood-tissue contrast. The goal of this feasibility study was to integrate results from 3D CINE bSSFP with 4D flow MRI to improve the segmentation of vessel anatomy and 3D blood flow assessment compared to standard segmentation using PC-MRA data alone
Non-contrast free-breathing 3D CINE bSSFP and 4D flow MRI were acquired in the aorta (n = 6 controls: age=56 +/-11 yrs, 1 female) with identical spatial resolution (Figure 1) and k-t acceleration with reduction factor R=5 to reduce overall scan times
Summary
To determine hemodynamic parameters from 4D flow MRI, vessel boundaries are typically depicted by calculating a 3D phase contrast MR angiogram (PC-MRA) from 4D flow magnitude and flow images. Fast 3D balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) time-resolved MRI sequences offer a promising alternative, providing anatomical images with improved blood-tissue contrast. The goal of this feasibility study was to integrate results from 3D CINE bSSFP with 4D flow MRI to improve the segmentation of vessel anatomy and 3D blood flow assessment compared to standard segmentation using PC-MRA data alone
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