Abstract
Impressionism has been studied in the context of the procedural nature of European culture and the peculiarities of its development in the final intentional formation period. Cultural, comparative and analytical methods of analysis are used. The article emphasizes: since the beginning of European culture, its artistic development has determined the desire to express images of the world in their real and objective perspective. It achieves this in the 19th century. The analysis gives grounds for the following conclusion. At the turn of the 19th – 20 th centuries the vector of observation of images of the world changes. Culture forms an intentional reflection, which determines its cultural and artistic development. The object perspective loses its relevance, but the movement from the (specific) object towards the periphery and the deep dimension of phenomena becomes decisive for art. Impressionism expresses only one aspect of such movement and it is directed towards the deep sphere of the object. Impressionism is characterized by the phenomenological principle of artistic representation.
Highlights
Impressionism emerged in European culture in the last third of the 19th century
For the ontology of Impressionism, as well as for determining the deep content of any artistic phenomenon, it is necessary to answer the following questions: 1) What does Impressionism imply in terms of expressing images of the world?; 2) How does it seek to do this? 3) What is the reason for the artistic practice of Impressionism and how does it differ from the semantic foundations of previous styles? 4) What cultural foundations determine the emergence of the Impressionist style?
Since outside the existence of culture one should not look for the true reason for the certain artistic phenomena development, it is clear that the answer to the first three questions must take into account the fundamental basis of the fourth position and build on it analytical discourse
Summary
Impressionism emerged in European culture in the last third of the 19th century. the first impressionist trends were manifested in the visual arts in the 1860s (Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Pierre Auguste Renoir), the beginning of the Impressionism development as a stylistic phenomenon should be considered 1874, after the exhibition of “independent” artists, which displayed a painting by Claude Monet “Impression. Sunrise” (“Impression. Soleil levan”, 1872). The first impressionist trends were manifested in the visual arts in the 1860s (Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Pierre Auguste Renoir), the beginning of the Impressionism development as a stylistic phenomenon should be considered 1874, after the exhibition of “independent” artists, which displayed a painting by Claude Monet “Impression. The intensive development of Impressionism in painting and literature lasted for more than a decade. In 1886, the last exhibition of Impressionist artists was held, and in the same year, the French symbolist poet Jean Moréas published “The manifesto of symbolism” (“Le Symbolisme”). After these events, Impressionism was interpreted as postimpressionism. A lot of artists whose works were written after 1886 had common features with impressionism
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