Abstract
Presence of \textit{``persistent"}, \textit{``directional-current"} in a superconducting states is a direct \textit{``threat"} to the $2^{nd}$ law of thermodynamics. In this paper we will show that there will never be a \textit{directional, (either clockwise, or anti-clockwise)} \textit{``persistent-current"} for \textit{``infinite-time"} in any superconductor (or in any material at any pressure or temperature), otherwise $2^{nd}$ law of thermodynamics will break down! We will show that the presence of very small, \textit{non-zero}, finite, electrical resistance below the critical temperature and critical magnetic field in a superconductor is the clear \textit{``signature"} of finite life-time of circulating-current, and thus, direct experimental \textit{``validation"} of $2^{nd}$ law of thermodynamics at quantum-mechanical level.
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