Abstract
The incidence of the Fusarium genus causing root rot is reviewed in crops showing high importance for food supply and to obtain regular income by farmers in the highlands of Northern México. Pathogen incidence was evaluated under field conditions in multiple sampling locations for common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and several chili peppers (Capsicum annuum) local cultivars (landraces and bred cultivars). Five commercial plots for registered and certified seed were also evaluated in common beans to be used in the ‘seed refreshing program’ implemented for the cultivar Pinto Saltillo, considered as the main variety sown in the highlands of México. High Fusarium genus incidence and its interactions with other fungi species, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp., cause high losses in plant population, commercial yield and seed quality in food crops grown in Northern México. The natural incidence of plant disease caused by the Fusarium genus and its negative effect on crop survival and the reduction of commercial yield and seed quality is fully reviewed. Plant disease resistance, crop breeding and the influence of the environmental conditions were also considered.
Highlights
The Fusarium genus includes several fungi species considered as the most important soil and seedborne pathogens causing plant diseases with high yield, quality and economic impact in several food and cash crops sown in the highlands of México [1]
The main effect of the Fusarium genus is the root and crown rot observed in vascular bundles of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and other crops used as food, fodder and to obtain cash for urgent expenditures by the poor farmers in Northern México [2]
Common bean is an important cash crop used as a food, nitrogen-fixing plant and organic matter source [15], helping to reach sustainability in the agriculture performed under drought-prone and irrigated areas in the Mexican highlands of Northern México, including the states of Zacatecas, Durango and Chihuahua
Summary
The Fusarium genus includes several fungi species considered as the most important soil and seedborne pathogens causing plant diseases with high yield, quality and economic impact in several food and cash crops sown in the highlands of México [1]. Plant losses are observed under irrigation [8] when high temperatures and fast drying of the soil surface are registered, mainly after plant emergence (V1) and the primary leaves unfolded (V2) stages in common beans [9] and the second week after chili seedlings transplant in cultivated soil. Under those conditions, no post-embryonic adventitious root growth and plant death are observed due to severe damage in the embryonic root caused by the fungi complex (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp.) [10]. Actual evaluation of disease problems related to the Fusarium genus in the state of Durango was included in this study regarding the importance of common bean and chili peppers as important food-producing crops
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