Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue that attaches to bones and facilitates body movements. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone found in blood that plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis and is importantly associated with muscle mass entity, strength development, and degeneration and increases the proliferative capacity of muscle satellite cells (MSCs). IGF-1R is an IGF-1 receptor with a transmembrane location that activates PI3K/Akt signaling and possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and its expression is significant in terms of myoblast proliferation and normal muscle mass maintenance. IGF-1 synthesis is elevated in MSCs of injured muscles and stimulates MSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Mechanical loading also affects skeletal muscle production by IGF-1, and low IGF-1 levels are associated with low handgrip strength and poor physical performance. IGF-1 is potentially useful in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle atrophy, and promotes neurite development. This review highlights the role of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle, its importance during myogenesis, and its involvement in different disease conditions.
Highlights
Muscles attached to the bone are referred to as skeletal muscle (SM) and account for 30–50% of body weight and are responsible for skeletal movement
IGF-1levels levelsare are required for muscle satellite cell (MSC) and myoblast proliferation, postinjury regeneration, and the increase of skeletal mass
Preclinical experiments have shown that Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with muscle mass and strength development, it reduces muscle degeneration, prevents excessive toxin-induced inflammatory expansion, and increases the proliferation capacity of muscle satellite cells (MSCs) [35]
Summary
Muscles attached to the bone are referred to as skeletal muscle (SM) and account for 30–50% of body weight and are responsible for skeletal movement. IGF-1 is considered to play key roles in fetal development and growth up to adolescence, and in the maintenance of homeostasis in adult tissues by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival (Figure 1) It has been reported IGF-1 has atheroprotective, neuroprotective, and insulin-like effects and that it regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and regeneration [34]. 2020, 9, 1773and in the maintenance of homeostasis in adult tissues by regulating cell proliferation, adolescence, differentiation, and survival (Figure 1) It has been reported IGF-1 has atheroprotective, neuroprotective, and insulin-like effects and that it regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and minutes to ∼15 h is extended upon the incorporation of IGF-1 into the ternary complex, creating a regeneration [34]. IGF-1levels levelsare are required for muscle satellite cell (MSC) and myoblast proliferation, postinjury regeneration, and the increase of skeletal mass
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