Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Donald Reed,Lee M Hively

doi:10.3390/sym12122110

Donald Reed, Lee M Hively

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12122110

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Abstract

Recent tests measured an irrotational (curl-free) magnetic vector potential (A) that is contrary to classical electrodynamics (CED). A (irrotational) arises in extended electrodynamics (EED) that is derivable from the Stueckelberg Lagrangian. A (irrotational) implies an irrotational (gradient-driven) electrical current density, J. Consequently, EED is gauge-free and provably unique. EED predicts a scalar field that equals the quantity usually set to zero as the Lorenz gauge, making A and the scalar potential () independent and physically-measureable fields. EED predicts a scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) that has an electric field along the direction of propagation together with the scalar field, carrying both energy and momentum. EED also predicts the scalar wave (SW) that carries energy without momentum. EED predicts that the SLW and SW are unconstrained by the skin effect, because neither wave has a magnetic field that generates dissipative eddy currents in electrical conductors. The novel concept of a “gradient-driven” current is a key feature of US Patent 9,306,527 that disclosed antennas for SLW generation and reception. Preliminary experiments have validated the SLW’s no-skin-effect constraint as a potential harbinger of new technologies, a possible explanation for poorly understood laboratory and astrophysical phenomena, and a forerunner of paradigm revolutions.

Highlights

Maxwell’s equations are the cornerstone of modern physics, accurately predicting numerous tests and providing the basis for sophisticated 21st century technologies
EED predicts that the scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) and scalar wave (SW) are unconstrained by the skin effect, because neither wave has a magnetic field that generates dissipative eddy currents in electrical conductors
Classical electrodynamics (CED) lacks the scalar field (C) that leads to new electrodynamic forces and energy terms in Equations (24) and (25), below

Summary

Introduction

Maxwell’s equations are the cornerstone of modern physics, accurately predicting numerous tests and providing the basis for sophisticated 21st century technologies. Is considered to be a firmly established physical theory. Extension of CED to quantum electrodynamics (QED) describes (sub) atomic-scale, matter-light interactions, agreeing with experiments to astounding precision. Mainstream physicists consider CED and QED to be complete and closed with no compelling reason for re-evaluation or alteration. These beliefs arise from the psychological principle of cognitive dissonance that dismisses contrary claims as heretical. One motivation for this work is that Feynman’s ‘proof’ of Maxell’s equations [1] uses assumptions that make CED inconsistent and incomplete (Section 5). CED lacks the scalar field (C) that leads to new electrodynamic forces and energy terms in Equations (24) and (25), below

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