IMPLICATIONS FOR BT COTTON'S REFUGEE STRATEGY AND FITNESS COSTS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA RESISTANCE

Abstract

In order to get the H. armigera larva, many trips were made to the Bt cotton fields in the Karjan area of the Vadodara district of Gujarat. The study was carried out every week throughout the 2019-2020 growing season to gather the population of Bt resistant H. armigera larvae from 105 cotton fields. Five species of Lepidoptera, four species of Hemiptera, and one species of Spotted Wing Drosophila were among the other insect fauna collected alongside 71 Bt-resistant H. armigera larvae and the various plant parts (tender leaves, older leaves, squares, flowers, and bolls) on which they feed during the course of the survey