Abstract
A maritime disaster is an event which usually involves vessel collisions, grounding, fires, explosions, oil spills, marine pollution and piracy which affecting the reputation of shipowners and their competitiveness level. All these issues have been distinguished as major consequence of human error hence, the e-navigation has been developed to integrate human involvement with navigational advancement to increase the reliability of maritime operation and consequently improving the competitiveness of seaports from the perspective of foreland and overland. However, the implication of e-navigation on maritime transportation has remained ignored. As a result, extensive explorations are required to understand the integration of e-navigation in maritime transportation to ensure a comprehensive coverage of e-navigation from foreland, seaports and inland towards sustainable development as well as to overcome maritime vulnerability. In this study, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been employed to validate the implication of e-navigation on maritime transportation by evaluating the efficiency score in this sector. The outcome indicates that safety procedure, transportation system, human resources, environment protection and security procedure are key components affecting e-navigation from the perspective of maritime transportation.
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