Implication for Humanity Education of The Debate on the Similarity and Difference between Human nature and Thing s nature

Abstract

본 논문의 목적은 인성물성동이논변의 인성교육적 함의를 밝히는 데 있다. 한원진의 이론과 이간의 동론은 모두 중층구조―理와 만물, 또는 실재와 외양―를 인정한 것처럼 보이지만, 이론은 보편자를 특수자로 환원시킴으로써 ‘위층 없는 아래층’만을, 동론은 보편자를 특수자와 분리시킴으로써 ‘아래층 없는 위층’만을 말한다는 점에서, 엄격한 의미에서의 중층구조에 미달한다고 말해야 한다. 그때, 동론과 이론은 서양의 보편논쟁에서의 실념론과 유명론이 저지른 오류를 저지를 수밖에 없다. 즉, 실재와 외양의 차이만을 강조하여 말하게 되면 외양이 실재로 나아갈 ‘현실적 가능성’이 차단되며, 실재와 외양의 동일성만을 강조하여 말하게 되면 우리가 나아가야 할 ‘이념적 지향성’이 사라지게 된다. 스피노자 윤리학은 실념론과 유명론 사이의 팽팽한 균형을 유지함으로써 동론과 이론의 제3의 종합으로서의 대안적 관점을 시사한다. 이것은 인성교육이론으로서의 인성물성동이논변이 나아가야 할 전망을 보여준다.The purpose of this study is to reveal the implication for humanity education of The debate on the similarity and difference between human nature and thing s nature (人性物性同異論辨), arose between Han Won-Jin(韓元震) and Yi Gan(李柬) both of whom were disciplines of Kwon Sang-Ha(權尙夏), were the most distinguished and leading scholar in the debate. The debate dealt with two main questions. The one is whether human nature is similar to that of things such as animals and trees, and the other is whether there is good and evil in Unaroused(未發). The central concepts of the debate are Nature(性) and Unaroused(未發). Unaroused(未發) is important concept to clarify the status of Nature(性) in the neo-Confucian theory of human mind-nature(心性論). The point of the debate is whether Unaroused Nature is standard(大本) of emotions(情) which are aroused. Both of them commonly agree that there is the Substance of real world, i. e. One Transcendental Origin (天理), but dissent from each other whether One Origin is similar to Nature. The debate suggests that there can be two kinds of morality, i. e. positive morality and negative morality, and then that two kinds of humanity education can result from them. Positive morality can be regarded as the final aim of moral practice, which is determined before practice and leads practice. But negative morality can be regarded as the ideal form , which is realized imperfectly in our life and must be established as aroused standard through practice. The former humanity education focused moral action to be agreed with norms, the latter focused mind to be agreed with One Origin or God.