Implementing a Pressure Injury Care Bundle in Chinese Intensive Care Units.

Abstract

BackgroundThe incidence of pressure injury (PI) in intensive care units (ICUs) is high with a low compliance rate for PI prevention standard care. Although studies have confirmed that PIs are largely preventable, a PI care bundle based on the best evidence in Chinese ICUs is lacking.AimThe aims of this study are to assess the effectiveness of our PI care bundle—which is based on the best evidence and designed to prevent the development of ICU PIs—and to identify the changes in nurse compliance rates during the implementation process.MethodsA quasi-experimental, pre- and post-intervention design was used. Implementation strategies included training, auditing during the use of the care bundle, and measuring outcome indicators in the ICU. The key elements of the care bundle were risk identification, skin assessment, patient repositioning, skin care, use of a pressure-reducing device, and nutrition. The number and stage of PIs were collected at three time points by unit staff. The implementation compliance rate was measured at two time points using a compliance checklist.ResultsPressure injury rates were reduced significantly from 13.86% to 10.41%. The incidence of new hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) decreased by 29.5% within 6 months. The compliance rate of nurses increased significantly from 55.15% to 60.15% before and after the implementation of the care bundle (χ2=16.72, P=0.00); This result may be attributable to the implementation of care bundle training for nurses and the audit.ConclusionA standardized care bundle based on the best evidence is indicated to effectively reduce the incidence of PIs. The increase in compliance rate after the intervention may benefit from nurses training in the care bundle and the audit during the intervention.