Implementation of electric vehicles to support energy conservation and efficiency improvement in the transportation sector in Indonesia

Abstract

More than 45.7% of Indonesia’s total energy consumption in 2021 came from the transportation sector. The transportation sector needs to improve energy efficiency and apply energy conservation measures in order to reduce energy consumption. The use of electric cars as an environmentally friendly replacement for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles is one effort in this direction. Using electric vehicles will reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector; however, if fossil fuels continue to dominate the power sector, this will also lead to an increase in global GHG emissions. The power sector must employ NRE as much as possible in order to cut emissions. The energy system model, which is projected to be operational until the year 2100, was created using the LEAP and NEMO tools. Power plants are optimized for electricity delivery using the BAU and NZE scenarios. As a result of the energy system’s optimization, the usage of petroleum products will be reduced by about 778.7 million BOE in 2100, and the transportation sector’s GHG emissions will be reduced by 304.4 million tons of CO2e. By promoting energy efficiency, conservation, and the environment’s impact, the use of electric vehicles can improve Indonesia’s NZE situation in the transportation sector.