Implementation of Electric Vehicle and Grid Integration

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have received massive attention in their adoption as transportation and energy-assisting instruments. This phenomenon has been led mainly by the increased awareness and experience of the user (driver) on EVs regarding their excellent driving convenience, clean environment, and energy efficiency. Besides, several government policies also have driven the new user to shift from conventional vehicles to EVs following several favorable treatments, especially related to taxes. Generally, EVs have large battery capacity which can be controlled in both charging and discharging. Therefore, the idea of Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) has emerged recently, following the increased grid stress due to the massive charging of EVs and the opportunities to control and utilize EVs to participate in grid ancillary services. Several possible ancillary services include frequency regulation, load leveling (peak shaving), renewable energy storage, voltage regulation, and congestion mitigation. In this study, a preliminary analysis on the implementation of VGI in Indonesian grid, especially related to load leveling and frequency regulation, is discussed. Indonesian grid currently faces several problems, especially related to its quality and capability to balance and response to the fluctuating supply and demand. The well-coordinated EVs give high opportunity to the grid to utilize them as huge and responsive power storage to balance and maintain the electrical grid quality.