Abstract
Bismuth chalcogenide (Bi2X3; X = sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te)) materials are considered as promising materials for diverse applications due to their unique properties. Their narrow bandgap, good thermal conductivity, and environmental friendliness make them suitable candidates for thermoelectric applications, photodetector, sensors along with a wide array of energy storage applications. More specifically, their unique layered structure allows them to intercalate Li+ ions and further provide conducting channels for transport. This property makes these suitable anodes for Li-ion batteries. However, low conductivity and high-volume expansion cause the poor electrochemical cyclability, thus creating a bottleneck to the implementation of these for practical use. Tremendous endeavors have been devoted towards the enhancement of cyclability of these materials, including nanostructuring and the incorporation of a carbon framework matrix to immobilize the nanostructures to prevent agglomeration. Apart from all these techniques to improve the anode properties of Bi2X3 materials, a step towards all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries using Bi2X3-based anodes has also been proven as a key approach for next-generation batteries. This review article highlights the main issues and recent advances associated with Bi2X3 anodes using both solid and liquid electrolytes.
Highlights
The continuous depletion of fossil fuels and their hazardous byproducts are leading us in the search for clean and sustainable sources of energy [1,2]
These lower capacity and cyclic stability issues were solved by the implementation of Bi anode in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries [59]
LiBH4 has been considered as a promising solid-state electrolyte in recent years. It consists of an orthorhombic phase at room temperature, which changes to the hexagonal phase at high temperatures (115 ◦ C) [89]
Summary
The continuous depletion of fossil fuels and their hazardous byproducts are leading us in the search for clean and sustainable sources of energy [1,2]. A wide range of classification of batteries is available, including lithiumion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hybrid batteries, etc From this available class of ofclassification batteries, Li-ion batteries are including widely used due to their high specific energy. In 2001, Tesla commercialized company, Sony, in 1992, launched the first commercial LIBs and it was a huge success, as in the year these batteries in the use for electrical vehicle applications. In 2001, Tesla commercialized these batteries in the use for electrical companies used these batteries in many their communication mobiles, laptops, tablets, etc. Companies used these batteries in theirprovide mobiles, many advantageous the batteries commercial level high specific energy, cycle level life,i.e., low selflaptops, features tablets, etc.on. These provide manyi.e., advantageous features on the long commercial highand specific long cycle life, low self-discharge, discharge, theirenergy, environmental friendliness [10,17].and their environmental friendliness [10,17]
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