Abstract
Objective: To propose an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing approach for estimating the reliability parameter of backward and forward ants. Methods: The ACO-based proposed methodology is used to predict path or route discovery in VANET. This study has discovered the best optimal path for data transmission. The forward ant movement has a minimum hop count of four for vehicle number 6. The vehicle 6 is a source vehicle, and it starts data transmission. The pheromone concentration of the entire vehicle defers and, after updating, the performance was analyzed. The best path is selected based on hop count, then a path with maximum pheromone concentration is selected. The pheromone evaporation factor is updated after a certain time interval. Findings: We have checked the reliability of the path, considering pheromone evaporation as a factor, the pheromone table is updated at a regular time interval, and the reliability parameter is also proposed for performing a task without failure in an efficient manner. We have arranged a routing table in descending order of hop count and then select the best of three paths with a minimum hop count. We search for hop count less than or equal to 5 and total pheromone greater than or equal to 17.55. We find that Ant 3 having a hop count of 5 and total pheromone concentration of 19.37. In this work, we have taken the evaporation factor as 0.5. If the transmission of a message is successful, then the reliability assigned to the edge will be 100, and for unsuccessful transmission, reliability is taken down by 20. If the reliability of the path will become 40, then the vehicle has to search for a new path. In this way, we eliminate malicious nodes for efficient transmission of message. Novelty: The performance of VANET is improved using ACO based proposed routing approach. The optimal path is selected with a minimum hop count and reliability parameter to identify the successful and unsuccessful path. Keywords: Network security; VANET; Sybil; ACO; Pheromone Evaporation
Highlights
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network that is equipped with OBU to connect vehicles with Roadside units
The movement of ants was modified based on pheromone concentration, and the shortest path was identified by updating the pheromone table and measuring the hop count
When forward ants (Fants) arrives at the destination node, the destination node acknowledge by creating backward ants (Bants)
Summary
VANET is a wireless network that is equipped with OBU to connect vehicles with Roadside units. A novel cross layer based ACO-AODV was proposed [4] This protocol optimized the information from application layer, transport layer, physical layer and MAC layer in networks. If the source node does not find the relay node to the destination in its pheromone table, the path discovery process is inaugurated by the source node. Their source node forwards a request packet by forward ants (Fants). When backward ants are on the way to acknowledge the source node, they update the pheromone concentration of the path travelled and update the intermediate node database.
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