Abstract
A majority of the population of developing countries is associated with agriculture directly or indirectly. The liaison of engineering technology and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can build a bridge for farmers to enhance their skills regarding advancements through future generation agriculture trends. The next-generation trends include better soil preparation, intelligent irrigation systems, advanced methods of crop nutrient inspection, smart fertilizers applications, and multi-cropping practices. This work proposes a smart Decision Support System (DSS) that acquires the input parameters based on real-time monitoring to optimize the yield that realizes sustainability by improving per hectare production and lessening water seepage wastage in agribusiness. The proposed model comprises three basic units including an intelligent sensor module, smart irrigation system and controlled fertilizer module. The system has integrated sensors, cloud employing decision support layers, and networking based DSS to recommend cautions for optimum sustainable yield. The intelligent sensors module contains a temperature and humidity sensor, NPK sensor, soil moisture sensor, soil conductivity sensor, and pH sensor to transmit the statistics to the cloud over the internet via Long Range (LoRa) using Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) communication protocol. Moreover, an android application has been developed for real-time data monitoring according to GPS location and node information (accessed remotely). Furthermore, the DSS contemplates the accessible information from sensors, past patterns, monitoring climate trends and creating cautions required for sustainable fertilizer consumption. The presented results and comparison validate the novelty of the design as it embraces smart irrigation with smart control and smart decision-making based on accurate real-time field data. It is better than existing systems as it transmits the data over the LoRa that is an open-source communication with long-range transmission ability up to several kilometres. The sensor nodes helped in advancing the yield of crops, which resulted in achieving inclusive and sustainable economic goals.
Highlights
Introduction and Literature ReviewThe economies of developing countries are mostly agricultural dependent
This paper focused on the sensors and Long Range (LoRa) communication module that assists in long-range free of cost communication
The main objective of this study is to develop GPS based LoRaWAN sensor nodes to transfer real-time data to the central server/cloud through an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway
Summary
The economies of developing countries are mostly agricultural dependent. The developing countries have been subjected to agricultural goods for foreign exchange. Sustainability 2022, 14, 827 number of people have settled in agricultural zones, and the key income source of the world’s populace is grounded on agribusiness [2]. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a wide-ranging term that defines the interconnection of various everyday life tasks over the internet. It provides spectacular prospects for innovative tenders, which are extensively used in numerous parts of life, i.e., intelligent home-based security systems, smart business chain systems, and precision agriculture [3]
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