Abstract
The implant periapical lesion is the infectious-inflammatory process of the tissues surrounding the implant apex. It may be caused by different factors: contamination of the implant surface, overheating of bone during drilling, preparation of a longer implant bed than the implant itself, and pre-existing bone disease. Diagnosis is achieved by studying the presence of symptoms and signs such us pain, swelling, suppuration or fistula; in the radiograph an implant periapical radiolucency may appear. A diagnostic classification is proposed to establish the stage of the lesion, and determine the best treatment option accordingly. The following stages are distinguished: acute apical periimplantitis (non-suppurated and suppurated) and subcacute (or suppurated-fistulized) apical periimplantitis. The most adequate treatment of this pathology in the acute stage and in the subacute stage if there is no loss of implant stability is apical surgery. In the subacute stage, if there is implant mobility, the extraction of the implant is necessary. Key words:Implant periapical lesion, apical periimplantitis, retrograde periimplantitis.
Highlights
The increasing popularity of implants has led to a considerable increase in the incidence of implant periapical lesions [1]
Palma-Carrió et al [2] conducted a literature review about risk factors associated to early failure of dental implants. They found that early failure rates vary from 1.2 to 3% and late failure rates from 0 to 1.8%
According to studies included in their review, statistically significant factors associated with early implant failure were smoking, poor bone quantity and quality, and implant location in posterior regions; few studies specified the related risk factors
Summary
Journal section: Oral Surgery Publication Types: Research doi:10.4317/medoral.17996 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.17996. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012 Nov 1;17 [6]:e1023-7
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