Abstract
Este artigo adota uma estrutura marxista para explicar como a exploração imperialista na América Latina e no Caribe evolui enquanto o mecanismo de troca desigual permanece. Os investimentos chineses na região aumentaram exponencialmente na última década, o que levanta questões sobre qual impacto eles podem trazer. Este artigo usa o caso de Hong Kong para argumentar que, sem uma força popular organizada com uma agenda progressista que pode negociar e canalizar os investimentos chineses para projetos socialmente úteis, eles podem até exacerbar as contradições existentes e levar à agitação por seu aparente desafio ao capital ocidental. As forças populares progressistas na região da América Latina e do Caribe devem tentar uma avaliação abrangente dos efeitos dos investimentos chineses e formar agendas de desenvolvimento social e soberanas fortes que possam otimizar sua utilização e fortalecer as forças contra o neoliberalismo e o imperialismo.
Highlights
This paper adopts a Marxist framework to explain how imperialist exploitation in Latin America and the Caribbean evolves while the mechanism for unequal exchange remains
Las fuerzas populares progresistas en la región de ALC deben intentar una evaluación integral de los efectos de las inversiones chinas y formar agendas sólidas de desarrollo social y soberano que puedan optimizar su utilización y fortalecer las fuerzas contra el neoliberalismo y el imperialismo
While much attention has been on Chinese loans and investments, this paper argues that in order to answer that question, it is necessary to trace the formation of dependency when it first developed under colonialism in the 15th century
Summary
“Latin America is the region of open veins. Everything, from the discovery until our times, has always been transmuted into European—or later United States—capital, and as such has accumulated in distant centres of power...Production methods and class structure have been successively determined from outside for each area by meshing it into the universal gearbox of capitalism. The discovery of gold and silver in America, the extirpation, enslavement and entombment in mines of the aboriginal population, the beginning of the conquest and looting of the East Indies, the turning of Africa into a warren for the commercial hunting of black-skins, signalized the rosy dawn of the era of capitalist production These idyllic proceedings are the chief momenta of primitive accumulation...The different momenta of primitive accumulation distribute themselves more or less in chronological order, over Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England. Britain still had the upper hand in capturing the wealth and surplus value created in the colonies and other European countries, as its manufactures contained higher machinery and technology inputs, i.e. constant capital in its production This period saw the emergence of finance capital and the extension of credits by the banks. With the backing of the state, United Fruit was a prime example of how a US-based TNC exercises unprecedented economic and political power in the LAC region (Bucheli 2008)
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