Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental epoxy-resin sealers containing polyphenols such as resveratrol and pyrogallol. A conventional epoxy resin (OB) was modified by adding different concentrations of resveratrol (RS) or pyrogallol (PY) to its composition. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, mechanical properties, along with wettability and morphological changes were investigated. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05). The incorporation of the tested polyphenols into the epoxy resin enhanced its mechanical properties. PY demonstrated much better antioxidant and antibacterial activities than RS, which were associated with a higher release of PY. In contrast, PY showed a higher cytotoxicity than OB and OB doped with RS. OB containing PY presented a rougher surface and higher water absorption than OB doped with RS. Both tested polyphenols caused no notable changes to the overall porosity of OB. Resveratrol and pyrogallol may not only influence the morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy-resin sealers, but could also enhance antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis. Most epoxy-resin sealers currently available in the market can be considered as “passive” materials. Thus, doping their composition with specific polyphenols may be a suitable strategy to confer some antibacterial properties, antioxidant potential, along with improvement of some mechanical properties.
Highlights
For appropriate preparation of a cavity access, good shaping, proper cleaning and wellsealed tridimensional filling of the root canal space are essential factors in order to achieve a successful endodontic treatment [1,2]
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate morphological changes, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and chemical-mechanical properties of an epoxy-resin endodontic sealer doped with different polyphenols, such as pyrogallol and resveratrol
Our study showed that resveratrol has good biocompatibility when it is incorporated into an epoxy-resin endodontic sealer, whilst PY can exert a cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts (NIH3T3)
Summary
For appropriate preparation of a cavity access, good shaping, proper cleaning and wellsealed tridimensional filling of the root canal space are essential factors in order to achieve a successful endodontic treatment [1,2]. A root canal sealer should be characterized as having good sealing ability, exhibiting low solubility, along with having high biocompatibility and antibacterial activity [3,4]. Depending on their chemical compositions, several types of root canal sealers are currently available in clinics, such as glass ionomer cements, silicone-based sealers, epoxy resins, calcium silicate-based sealers and zinc oxide-eugenol [3,5]. Epoxy resin-based sealers are relatively inexpensive, but they are characterized by limited or no antibacterial activity [8,9,10] especially against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a predominant bacteria found in persistent endodontic infections and root canal re-treatment cases [3,8]
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