Abstract
The terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the sustainable development of human beings. The impacts of precipitation, temperature, and other natural factors on terrestrial ecosystem pattern change (TEPC) are the basis for promoting the healthy development of the terrestrial ecosystem. This paper took the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area, analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of TEPC from 1995 to 2015, and used spatial transfer matrix and terrestrial ecosystem pattern dynamic degree models to analyze the area transformation between different terrestrial ecosystem types. A bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and a panel data regression model were used to study the impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC. The results show that: (1) The basic pattern of the terrestrial ecosystem developed in a relatively stable manner from 1995 to 2005 in the YREB, and transformations between the farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, and grassland ecosystem were more frequent. The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation and temperature in the YREB showed significant regional differences. (2) There was a significant negative bivariate global spatial autocorrelation effect of precipitation and temperature on the area change of the forest ecosystem, and a positive effect on the area change of the settlement ecosystem. The local spatial correlation between precipitation or temperature and the terrestrial ecosystem showed significant scattered distribution characteristics. (3) The impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC showed significant regional characteristics on the provincial scale. The impact utility in the tail region is basically negative, while both positive and negative effects exist in the central and head regions of the YREB. Moreover, the impact showed significant spatial heterogeneity on the city scale. (4) The Chinese government has promulgated policies and measures for strategic planning, ecological environment protection, and economic support, which could effectively promote ecological and sustainable development of the YREB and promote the coordinated development of the ecology, economy, and society in China.
Highlights
The terrestrial ecosystem is the second largest carbon bank in the world behind the ocean, which is the key element of global climate change, and is of great significance for human development [1].Terrestrial ecosystem pattern change (TEPC) and its impacts on global climate change and theInt
Based on the two basic natural factors of precipitation and temperature, this paper studies their temporal and spatial variation characteristics and their influence on the area change of terrestrial ecosystems, which can provide a basic scientific reference for the protection of the ecological environment and the construction of ecological civilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB)
Under the condition that the natural climate environment is difficult to change, as the YREB is an important terrestrial ecosystem area, and considering the actual situation such as topography and geomorphology, resource endowment and economic development in the head, central and tail regions of the YREB, we suggest the development of the region from the following aspects: (1) The tail region of the YREB should properly control the intensity of human activities and improve the awareness of human environmental protection, while ensuring economic development and the moderate and orderly expansion of urban areas, should reduce the negative impact of human activities on ecosystems, and should pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment
Summary
As to clarify TEPC and its influencing factors in the YREB, we aim to provide relevant suggestions for the protection of the ecological environment and the construction of ecological civilization in the YREB, and to provide scientific reference for promoting the sustainable utilization of natural resources and human development
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