Abstract
Climate change is a global environmental threat, affecting every sector of the economy with agriculture being the most affected as a result of its dependence on climate especially rainfall and temperature. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of climate change on agriculture (crop production) and identify the farmers’ adaptation strategies to the impacts of climate change in Senegal. This study employed systematic literature review. Searching of relevant documents were conducted between 26th December 2020 and 10th February, 2021. A comprehensive search of six databases were conducted. The databases searched were Scopus, African Journal Online (AJOL), ProQuest, Elsevier, Research gate, and Google scholar. The findings revealed that temperature is expected to increase by median value of 0.90C (0.70C-1.50C) by 2035, by 2.10 (1.60C-3.30C) by 2065, and 4.00C (2.6-5.90C) by 2100 and rainfall could increase by 1% (uncertainty range of −4% to +8%) by 2035, 2% (−8% to +8%) by 2065, and 5% (−10% to +16%) by 2100. As a result of rising temperatures, local agricultural production will be less than 50kg per capita by 2050. This is expected to have an effect on crop imports as well as regional migration. The decrease in rainfall under RCP2.6, (Representative Concentration Pathway) combined with the effect of temperature, has a significant impact on the yield of sorghum, maize, and millet, with production decreasing by up to 20-50%. Farmers employed several adaptation strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change; sowing improved variety, mixed cropping, income diversification, ownership of multiple farms, religious practices in form of prayer. The review recommends strengthening of climate related institutions, adoption of new innovations, implementation of new climate related policies, climate monitoring and forecasting, enhancing and strengthening community-based adaptation through sensitization and incentives.
Highlights
Global climate change is widely regarded as one of the most serious challenges confronting society today
Most farmers rely on rain-fed crops, there are slightly more than 1,000km2 of land under irrigation, out of a total slightly less than 200,000km2 of land in the country. This sector remains the major source of export earnings (CIA, 2013; Zamudio and Terton, 2016)
Senegal faces a number of constraints to crops production
Summary
Global climate change is widely regarded as one of the most serious challenges confronting society today. Predicted agricultural impacts include redistribution of water availability and quality, increased soil erosion, and decreased crop productivity (Howden et al, 2007; McCarl, 2010; Arbuckle et al, 2015), all of which pose immediate and localised economic risks to farmers. The global average temperature increased by 0.850C from 1880 to 2012 (IPCC, 2014). The increased global temperature contributes to the rise of sea level (Tang, 2019). Rainfall decreased by 10-15 mm per decade, reducing the number of rainy days, increase in daily rainfall and the frequency of short dry spells and loss of shoreline from erosion of 1-2 m per year along shorelines of sand beaches, and 0.1-0.7 m per year along rocky coastline areas, aggravated by sea level
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