Abstract
BackgroundInclusive STEM high schools seek to broaden STEM participation by accepting students on the basis of interest rather than test scores and providing a program sufficient to prepare students for a STEM major in college. Almost nonexistent before the present century, these high schools have proliferated over the last two decades as a strategy for addressing gaps in STEM education and career participation. This study uses a meta-analytic approach to investigate the relationship between attending an inclusive STEM high school and a set of high school outcomes known to predict college entry and declaration of a STEM college major.ResultsCombining effect estimates from five separate datasets of students from inclusive STEM high schools and matched comparison schools, the analysis reported here used data from administrative records and survey data for 9719 students in 94 high schools to obtain estimates of the average impact of attending an inclusive STEM high school on STEM-related high school outcomes. Positive effects for inclusive STEM high schools were found for completion of key STEM courses and for likelihood that students would engage in self-selected STEM activities. Students who attended an inclusive STEM high school also identified more strongly with mathematics and science and were more likely as high school seniors to be very interested in one or more STEM careers. Importantly, these positive impacts were found for low-income, under-represented minority, and female students as well as for students overall. Attending an inclusive STEM high school appeared to have a small positive impact on science test scores for students overall and for economically disadvantaged students, but there were no discernible impacts on mathematics test scores.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the inclusive STEM high school model can be implemented broadly with positive impacts for students, including low-income, female, and under-represented minority students. Positive impacts on the odds of taking advanced mathematics and science courses in high school and on interest in entering a STEM profession are of particular importance, given the strong association between these variables and entry into a STEM major in college.
Highlights
Secondary education programs to prepare students for the STEM pipeline—such as selective STEM programs and high schools or selective courses like Advanced Placement science, mathematics, and computer science in regular high schools—have targeted students who could demonstrate a high level of prior academic achievement or aptitude
These school-level descriptive data characterize all the students in each school in the study, not just those students in our analytic samples. These schoollevel data suggest that the inclusive STEM high school (ISHS) in each of the five studies were serving higher proportions of low-income and under-represented minority students than were public high schools in their state as a whole, suggesting that ISHSs are expanding the diversity of students exposed to a STEM-focused curriculum
Across the five study cohorts, our data show first that, as intended, ISHSs attract students from groups underrepresented in STEM
Summary
Secondary education programs to prepare students for the STEM pipeline—such as selective STEM programs and high schools or selective courses like Advanced Placement science, mathematics, and computer science in regular high schools—have targeted students who could demonstrate a high level of prior academic achievement or aptitude. [S]tudies suggest that achieving expertise is less a matter of innate talent than of having the opportunity and motivation to dedicate oneself to the study of a subject in a productive, intellectual way – and for sufficient time – to enable the brain development needed to think like a scientist, mathematician, or engineer. This has important implications for STEM education; it underscores the need to motivate students for long-term study of STEM, and points to the potential for many more students to excel in STEM. This study uses a meta-analytic approach to investigate the relationship between attending an inclusive STEM high school and a set of high school outcomes known to predict college entry and declaration of a STEM college major
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