Abstract
The impact of a small forwarder with the wheeled chassis, tracked-wheel chassis, and tracked chassis traveling on the soil profile was studied. The three chassis types were assessed for the influence of the loading of forwarder cargo space and the degree of tire inflation on induced specific and actual pressures of tires on the soil surface. Penetrometric resistances of soil profile and rut depths in the forwarder driving track were measured. The effect of a layer of logging residues in the forwarder driving track on the size of induced actual pressures was determined. The practice of determining the impact of forest machines on the soil surface by means of a specific tire pressure does not have a full informative value. In the forwarder wheeled chassis, maximum values of actual pressures exceeded specific pressures established numerically by up to 203%. Average values of actual pressures could be reduced by 45% by reducing the pressure of tire inflation, by 70% with the use of tracks, or by 49% by traveling on the layer of logging residues. As compared with the wheeled chassis type, the tracked type of the forwarder chassis induced actual pressures to lower by 81% and the rut depth after ten forwarder passes was smaller by 50%.
Highlights
The movement of forest machines across the stand results in interactions between the machine chassis and the soil surface via the contact area of wheels, tracked wheels, or tracks
Our findings indicate that the established practice of determining the impact of forest machines on the soil profile by specific tire pressure does not have a full informative value
Maximum values of actual pressures reached in the wheeled chassis of the forwarder exceeded the numerically determined specific pressures by up to 203%
Summary
The movement of forest machines across the stand results in interactions between the machine chassis and the soil surface via the contact area of wheels, tracked wheels, or tracks. Moving forest machines induce actual pressure on the soil surface, which is affected in wheeled machines mainly by tire characteristics such as diameter, width, stiffness, and degree of tire inflation. Other important parameters include tire adhesive load and components of traction forces acting on the wheel. Parameters of tires in relation to the soil environment were studied by a number of authors. Tomaraee [1], for example, studied tire rolling resistance in connection with different inflation rates and loads, Battiato and Diserens [2] dealt with the influence of load and tire inflation rate on the transmission of traction force, and Taghavifar and Mardani [3] assessed the influence of speed, tire inflation, and vertical load on wheel rolling resistance
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