Abstract
Aimed to evaluate the effect of water solubility on chemical properties and surface structure of bioceramic-based (BC-HiFlow and BC-EndoSeqence) compared with resin-based (Adseal) root canal sealers. Fresh mix was inserted into polyethylene mold (n = 10) and subjected to Vicat needle to evaluate the setting time. The set discs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy then immersed in deionized water for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The solubility%, pH changes, released calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43−) and silicon (Si4+) ions were evaluated after each immersion period. The discs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX) before and after solubility test. Although FTIR detected similar composition of both bioceramic-sealers, BC-EndoSequence determined the prolonged setting times. At the end of solubility test, both bioceramic-sealers exhibited significant greater solubility (>3%), alkaline pH (>11) at p < 0.001. Adseal displayed the significant greatest Ca2+ and PO43− released, while BC-HiFlow displayed the significant greatest Si4+ release (p < 0.001). SEM revealed voids and pores on the surface of all tested sealers with the greatest value on Adseal surface. In conclusion, although both bioceramic-sealers had high solubility, BC-Hiflow complied the ISO standard regarding setting time and least surface micropores better than that of BC-EndoSequence.
Highlights
Root canal sealers are used during endodontic obturation to achieve a hermetic seal throughout the root canal system including minor discrepancies and canal irregularities [1]
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of water solubility on the chemical properties (setting time, pH and released calcium (Ca2+ ), phosphate (PO4 3− )
Prolonged initial setting time was significantly recorded by BC-EndoSequence at p < 0.001, while shortest initial setting time was recorded by Adseal with no significant difference with BC-HiFlow at p = 0.194
Summary
Ideal endodontic sealers should prevent leakage, minimize the risk of bacterial invasion from the periapical tissues, and resolve the periapical lesion [1,2]. Solubility is defined as material mass loss during certain immersion time in aqueous environment [4]. It is an undesirable physical property for root canal sealers. It can induce sealer degradation; creating gaps at sealer/dentin or sealer/gutta-percha interface which compromise the apical seal of the obturation system [5] and enhance bacterial leakage [5]
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