Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration of two calcium silicate-based sealers used in warm vertical compaction (WVC) obturation technique in comparison with the single cone (SC) technique by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The null hypothesis was that both obturation techniques produced similar sealer penetration depths at 1 and 5 mm from the apex. Forty-four mandibular single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into four equally experimental groups (n = 10) and two control groups (n = 2) according to the type of sealer (Bio-C Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil or HiFlow Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA) with either SC or WVC. The sealers were mixed with a fluorescent dye Rhodamine B (0.1%) to enable the assessment under the CLSM. All the specimens were sectioned horizontally at 1 and 5 mm from the apex. The maximum penetration depth was calculated using the ImageJ Software (ImageJ, NIH). Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p < 0.05). A significant difference was shown between the four groups at 1 mm (p = 0.0116), whereas similar results were observed at 5 mm (p = 0.20). WVC allowed better diffusion for both sealers at 1 mm (p = 0.01) and 5 mm (p = 0.034). The maximum penetration of the Bio-C and HiFlow sealers was more important at 5 mm with the two obturation techniques. Within the limitations of this study, WVC enhanced the penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers into the dentinal tubules in comparison with the SC technique at both levels.
Highlights
Many obturation techniques have been investigated to seal the root canal system.A three-dimensional obturation is likely to create a fluid-tight seal and to prevent microleakage, which is one of the main causes of endodontic failure [1]
Many microorganisms persist in ramifications and isthmuses despite proper chemomechanical preparation
The penetration of a sealer is required for the elimination of residual bacteria and biofilms sheltering into these anatomies [13]
Summary
A three-dimensional obturation is likely to create a fluid-tight seal and to prevent microleakage, which is one of the main causes of endodontic failure [1] To overcome this challenge, which compromises long-term success, the sealers’ deep penetration into the dentinal tubules is more implicated in producing a sufficient seal to entomb residual bacteria. Various types of sealers have been proposed to fill the spaces between the guttapercha and the canal walls They should create a tight and adequate seal with the core material and dentine to reduce gaps. No study has yet evaluated the impact of the warm vertical compaction on the dentinal tubule penetration The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of heat application on the tubular penetration of two silicate-based sealers in comparison with the cold single cone technique using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The null hypothesis tested was that WVC does not enhance both sealers’ penetration compared with the SC technique
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