Impact of vitrectomy and air tamponade on aspheric intraocular lens tilt and decentration and ocular higher-order aberrations: phacovitrectomy versus cataract surgery.

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of vitrectomy and air tamponade on aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration and postoperative internal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy (phacovitrectomy). Prospective comparative observational study. Forty-five eyes that underwent phacovitrectomy using aspheric IOLs and 18 eyes that only underwent cataract surgery also using aspheric IOLs were prospectively evaluated. The subjects were divided into three groups: phacovitrectomy without fluid-air exchange (F/Ax) or with F/Ax and cataract surgery alone (Groups A, B, and C, respectively) Surgery-induced changes in lens tilt and decentration and internal HOAs were compared between each pair of groups. Subgroup analysis was conducted for cases with largely tilted (> 7°) or decentered (> 0.40 mm) IOLs 1 month postoperatively. Surgery-induced changes in lens tilt in Group B were significantly more pronounced than those in Group C at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.007, 0.009, and 0.043, respectively), while there was no significant difference in surgery-induced changes in lens decentration among the groups. IOLs in Group B were tilted and decentered toward the inferonasal direction. In contrast, there was no significant difference in internal HOAs among the groups at any postoperative visit. Only Group B included cases with largely decentered IOLs, and the internal total HOAs in these cases were significantly larger than those in the others (P = 0.015). Although largely decentered IOLs were occasionally found in Group B, aspheric IOLs could be effectively used in phacovitrectomy.