Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are dense forests along the tidal estuaries and comprise incredible biological diversity. Mangrove trees are salt tolerant and survive in muddy anaerobic soils by the presence of pneumatophores (breathing roots). Mangroves have crucial ecological and economic importance. They carry out the source and sink in the carbon cycle, and protect the coasts from floods, tsunamis and other disasters. Mangrove leaves and bark are potential sources of pharmaceutical compounds to treat AIDS, jaundice and cancer. However, unregulated urban development, increased pollution, altered distribution and national highway expansion, bridges and increased tourism has resulted in the most destructive impact on mangrove forest. In the present study, a field survey of mangrove sites in Goa like the areas of Cortalim, Ribandar, Old Goa, etc. has conducted to observe the mangrove morphology, and growing pattern and analyse the impact of urbanization on declining mangrove health. Further, a survey was conducted to track public awareness about the declining mangrove ecosystem. The individuals were divided into four different categories and five questions were asked including whether they are aware of mangroves, their occurrence, their decline, and measures to protect them. Results suggest that most people are aware of declining mangroves but haven't experienced mangrove declines in their locality. Most people suggest that creating awareness, building mangrove farms and implementing strict rules can help in conserving mangroves.
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