Abstract
Here, the researchers carried out an experimental analysis of the effect of the TiO2 nanosolution concentration on the heat transfer of the twin jet impingement on an aluminum plate surface. We used three different heat transfer enhancement processes. We considered the TiO2 nanosolution coat, aluminum plate heat sink, and a twin jet impingement system. We also analyzed several other parameters like the nozzle spacing, nanosolution concentration, and the nozzle-to-plate distance and noted if these parameters could increase the heat transfer rate of the twin jet impingement system on a hot aluminum surface. The researchers prepared different nanosolutions, which consisted of varying concentrations, and coated them on the metal surface. Thereafter, we carried out an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis for determining the structure and the homogeneous surface coating of the nanosolutions. This article also studied the different positions of the twin jets for determining the maximal Nusselt number (Nu). The researchers analyzed all the results and noted that the flow structure of the twin impingement jets at the interference zone was the major issue affecting the increase in the heat transfer rate. The combined influence of the spacing and nanoparticle concentration affected the flow structure, and therefore the heat transfer properties, wherein the Reynolds number (1% by volume concentration) maximally affected the Nusselt number. This improved the performance of various industrial and engineering applications. Hypothesis: Nusselt number was affected by the ratio of the nanoparticle size to the surface roughness. Heat transfer characteristics could be improved if the researchers selected an appropriate impingement system and selected the optimal levels of other factors. The surface coating with the TiO2 nanosolution also positively affected the heat transfer rate.
Highlights
In the past few years, various researchers have found it challenging to solve the heat transfer-related problems in the engineering systems
The crystallite structure of the TiO2 nanocoated plate was calculated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Model D8 Advance Bruker AXS X-ray, Karlsruhe, Germany) to identify the crystallite structures of the TiO2 nanosolution, the Cu Kα radiation of 1.5406 Å was used in the process
The researchers investigated the convective heat transfer rate of TiO2 nanoparticles dissolved in the deionized water (DI)-EG solution
Summary
In the past few years, various researchers have found it challenging to solve the heat transfer-related problems in the engineering systems. Thereafter, the nanofluids were used for developing cooling fluids that could be used in many applications such as refrigeration, microchip cooling, engine cooling, electronic circuit cooling, nuclear cooling systems, surface coating, thermal storage, improvement of heat transfer exchange, biomedical applications, environmental remediation, petroleum industry, transportation, defense and space applications, inkjet printing, fuel additives, and lubricants [11]. Researchers investigated the effect of different TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations for improving the heat transfer rate with the help of the twin impingement jet mechanism. The authors, observed the effect of the coated surface solution on the twin impingement jet process since this technique influenced the heat transfer rate of the various engineering devices. Another purpose of using TiO2 nanoparticles was their being suspended in conventional fluids, which are extensively used in different forms of heat exchangers, including circular tubes [12,13], double tubes [14,15,16], and shell and tubes [17]
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