Abstract
Abstract The preparation of injectable fluorocarbon emulsions includes the dispersion of the phospholipids in the aqueous phase, then the admixing of the fluorocarbon to produce a crude premix; emulsification is then achieved using a high pressure mechanical procedure, followed by final heat-sterilization. In this work we report that, depending on the procedure used and energy applied, the dispersions of phospholipids consist of poorly organized unclosed “pre-liposomes”, multilamellar vesicles (MLV), or small unilamellar vesicles (SUV). This has a significant impact on the stability of the final fluorocarbon emulsions (90% (w/v) concentration), those prepared from “pre-liposomes” being more stable than those prepared from MLV or SUV. The first emulsion is shown to contain less fluorocarbon-free phospholipid vesicles than the other two. These free vesicles have previously been reported to have a detrimental effect on the stability of concentrated fluorocarbon emulsions.
Published Version
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