Impact of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a surgical prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma with inferior-vena-cava tumor thrombus

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and to identify the prognostic factors for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT). The role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which has been reported to be a useful prognostic predictor for various solid cancers, was also investigated. MethodsFifty-five patients with RCC and IVCTT who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between clinical characteristics and surgical outcome was examined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine the prognostic factors. ResultsThe median follow-up time after surgery was 44.2 months. Twenty-seven patients died of RCC, and 4 died of other disease at last follow-up. There were no patients with postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) or deaths from PE. The median cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 81.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.0–103.2) and 69.0 (95% CI: 34.3–81.5) months, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for CSS were distant metastasis (p = 0.045) and NLR ≥ 2.9 (p = 0.009). The only independent predictor for OS was the NLR ≥ 2.9 (p = 0.034). ConclusionsA high preoperative NLR level was an independent poor prognostic factor influencing CSS and OS of patients with RCC and IVCTT who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy. The NLR may be an available biomarker that helps with preoperative risk stratification.