Abstract
The majority of cardiovascular deaths are associated with acute coronary syndrome, especially ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Therapeutic reperfusion alone can contribute up to 40 percent of total infarct size following coronary artery occlusion, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Its size depends on many factors, including the main risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol level as well as obesity, diabetes, and physical effort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated particles released by every type of cell, which can carry content that affects the functioning of other tissues. Their role is essential in the communication between healthy and dysfunctional cells. In this article, data on the variability of the content of EVs in patients with the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors is presented, and their influence on IRI is discussed.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide; risk estimation and interventions to reduce mortality are essential during management with patients [1]
The interaction of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) with cells occurs in several ways: (1) by affecting the cell surface, It is known that hyperglycemia or a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM)
A lower miR-26a level was noted in MVs from diabetic patients, which can contribute to more severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) due to the weaker inhibition of PTEN
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide; risk estimation and interventions to reduce mortality are essential during management with patients [1]. Initiated in 1984, the Framingham Heart Study assessed the main risk factors of cardiovascular mortality presented in the SCORE charts (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) estimating the 10-year risk of death. A related method remote ischemic and reperfusion periods ofor the myocardium before the onset of MIis or during ischemic conditioning (RIC), which consists of applying cycles at a remote site [12]. A related method is remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which consists not fully understood, but there are an increasing number of studies showing that applying cycles at a remote site [12]. These pathways and many others not mentioned due to this article’s limitations are responsible for IRI.
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