Abstract
The fungi Chrysosporium lobatum TM-237-S5 was isolated from the sponge Acanthella cavernosa, collected from the mesophotic coral ecosystem of the Red Sea. The strain was cultivated on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, coupling solid-state fermentation and solid-state extraction (SSF/SSE) with a neutral macroreticular polymeric adsorbent XAD Amberlite resin (AMBERLITE XAD1600N). The SSF/SSE lead to high chemodiversity and productivity compared to classical submerged cultivation. Ten phenalenone related compounds were isolated and fully characterized by one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and HRMS. Among them, four were found to be new compounds corresponding to isoconiolactone, (-)-peniciphenalenin F, (+)-8-hydroxyscleroderodin, and (+)-8-hydroxysclerodin. It is concluded that SSF/SSE is a powerful strategy, opening a new era for the exploitation of microbial secondary metabolites.
Highlights
The symbiosis between marine sponges and microorganisms is of considerable interest, both biologically and chemically [1,2]
We report the impact of agar-supported cultivation on the production of secondary metabolites by the marine fungi Chrysosporium lobatum TM-237-S5, isolated from the Red
The TASCMAR project
Summary
The symbiosis between marine sponges and microorganisms is of considerable interest, both biologically and chemically [1,2]. Sponges are the main source of bioactive molecules isolated from marine organisms, a certain amount of evidence indicates that they are biosynthesized by microbial symbionts [7,8]. The symbiont assemblages inside the sponge are well organized in biofilms or dense colonies and are stabilized in the skeleton network over time [14,15] This certainly impacts their development steps and the expression of biosynthetic clusters of secondary metabolites because it is well documented that, in fungi, secondary metabolism and life cycle among fungi are co-regulated at the genomic level [16,17,18]. We report the impact of agar-supported cultivation on the production of secondary metabolites by the marine fungi Chrysosporium lobatum TM-237-S5, isolated from the Red. Sea sponge Acanthella cavernosa.
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