Abstract
<em>Fusarium</em>-ear blight is a destructive disease in various cereal-growing regions and leads to significant yield and quality losses for farmers and to contamination of cereal grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol and derivatives, zearalenone and moniliformin. <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens grow well and produce significant inoculum on crop resiudues. Reduction of mycotoxins production and pathogen sporulation may be influenced by saprophytic fungi, exhibiting antagonistic effect. Dual culture bioassays were used to examine the impact of 92 isolates (belonging to 29 fungal species) against three toxigenic species, i.e. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> (Corda) Saccardo, <em>F. culmorum</em> (W.G.Smith) Saccardo and <em>F. graminearum</em> Schwabe. Both <em>F.culmorum</em> and <em>F. graminearum</em> isolates produce trichothecene mycotoxins and mycohormone zearalenone and are considered to be the most important cereal pathogens worldwide. Infection with those pathogens leads to accumulation of mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> isolates are producers of moniliformin (MON) and enniatins. Isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. were found to be the most effective ones to control the growth of examined <em>Fusarium</em> species. The response of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates to antagonistic activity of <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates varied and also the isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> differed in their antagonistic activity against <em>Fusarium</em> isolates. The production of MON by two isolates of F. avenaceum in dual culture on rice was reduced by 95% to 100% by <em>T. atroviride</em> isolate AN 35. The same antagonist reduced the amount of moniliformin from 100 μg/g to 6.5 μg/g when inoculated to rice culture contaminated with MON, which suggests the possible decomposition of this mycotoxin.
Highlights
Fusarium species are cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogens of cereals, pulse crops and many other plants, important in Agricultural and forest landscape
Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum survive sa p r o p h y t ic a l l y o n p l a n t r e s i dues after harvest and serve as a source of inoculum for the subsequent year
The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of 29 fungal species isolates originated from soil, compost and cereals, on the growth of three toxigenic Fusarium species in dual cultures and a mutual interaction between the antagonists and Fusarium isolates in bioassays, and to examine the reduction of moniliformin production in dual cultures of F. avenaceum with selected effective Trichoderma antagonists
Summary
Fusarium species are cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogens of cereals, pulse crops and many other plants, important in Agricultural and forest landscape. E.g. deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA) and moniliformin (MON) and their derivatives may contaminate cereal grains (McMullen et al 1997; Jones, Mirocha 1999; Bottalico 1998; Chełkowski 1998). Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum survive sa p r o p h y t ic a l l y o n p l a n t r e s i dues after harvest and serve as a source of inoculum for the subsequent year Both species colonize frequently maize stalks and F. graminearum produces significant amounts of ascospores and conidia (Sutton 1982). The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of 29 fungal species isolates (including Trichoderma) originated from soil, compost and cereals, on the growth of three toxigenic Fusarium species in dual cultures and a mutual interaction between the antagonists and Fusarium isolates in bioassays, and to examine the reduction of moniliformin production in dual cultures of F. avenaceum with selected effective Trichoderma antagonists
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call