Impact of Second-Order Slip and Double Stratification Coatings on 3D MHD Williamson Nanofluid Flow with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

Muhammad Ramzan,Asma Liaquet,Yunyoung Nam,Sungil Yu,Seifedine Kadry,Dianchen Lu

doi:10.3390/coatings9120849

Abstract

The present research examines the impact of second-order slip with thermal and solutal stratification coatings on three-dimensional (3D) Williamson nanofluid flow past a bidirectional stretched surface and envisages it analytically. The novelty of the analysis is strengthened by Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flux accompanying varying thermal conductivity. The appropriate set of transformations is implemented to get a differential equation system with high nonlinearity. The structure is addressed via the homotopy analysis technique. The authenticity of the presented model is verified by creating a comparison with the limited published results and finding harmony between the two. The impacts of miscellaneous arising parameters are deliberated through graphical structures. Some useful tabulated values of arising parameters versus physical quantities are also discussed here. It is observed that velocity components exhibit an opposite trend with respect to the stretching ratio parameter. Moreover, the Brownian motion parameter shows the opposite behavior versus temperature and concentration distributions.

Highlights

The heat transfer phenomenon plays a vital role when the temperature varies between different bodies or parts of the same body
To examine body heat transfer, the principle of heat transfer can be applied to the human body
The originality of thenanofluid envisioned mathematical model was boosted by Christov heat flux model

Summary

Introduction

The heat transfer phenomenon plays a vital role when the temperature varies between different bodies or parts of the same body. Heat can be transferred by three methods: convection of fluids, conduction in solids, and radiation. To examine body heat transfer, the principle of heat transfer can be applied to the human body. We can quote one example: the metal pan is used to transfer heat from the stove to food. Some applications of heat transfer are cooking food over metal pots, boiling milk in metal pots, and thermal treatment of pain by a hot water bag.

Methods

Results

Conclusion