Aspects of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux in nonlinear radiative ternary, hybrid, and single mass diffusion past stretching surface; A comparative study

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to analyze the convective heat transport in hydromagnetic TiO2 water nanofluid (NF), TiO2−SWCNT water hybrid nanofluid (HNF) and TiO2−SWCNT−MWCNT water ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (THNF) under the influence of Cattaneo-Christov (CC) heat flux and nonlinear thermal radiation over a stretching sheet. This study will help in environmental purification, to decompose harmful substances and other applications that require cooling. Furthermore, consideration of CC heat flux is important for a finite speed heat flow to reduce system disorder. The system of governing partial differential (PDEs) equations for the heat transport within THNF flow is transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved numerically via the shooting technique with Runge-Kutta-4 method. The flow behaviors for Lorentz force and volume fraction of TiO2(φ1), SWCNT(φ2) and MWCNT(φ3) nanomaterials are portrayed for both no slip (α=0) and velocity slip (α=0.5) conditions. It is concluded that the velocity is more significant in the case of no slip condition when one, two and three different nanomaterials are dispersed in the base fluid water. It is further observed that the heat and momentum transport is more significant in the case when we consider TiO2−SWCNT−MWCNT water THNF flow as compared to TiO2 water NF, TiO2−SWCNT water HNF flow over a stretching surface. Our results show that the present analysis on heat transport in the THNF is more significant as compared to the THNF taken in the study given by Majunatha et al. [14].