Abstract
Water is the basic necessity for a living being and detritions in the quality of water led to many harmful impacts. It is important to regulate the water quality to maintain the balance in all the variation of lives. In the present study, the water samples were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods of February 2015–January 2017 from Mohan Nagar barrage, Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh, India). The assessment of the seasonal variation of water quality and its impact on the Hindon River water was evaluated by physicochemical and biological analysis. Samples were analyzed for twelve physicochemical parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Hardness (TH), Nitrate Nitrogen, Phosphates, Sulphates, and Heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and biological parameters such as Total Coliform count (TCC), Fecal Coliform count (FCC) and Standard Plate count (SPC). Besides this, River Metal Pollution Index and Integrated River Metal Pollution Index were also calculated and found above permissible limits (RMPI > 1 and IMPI > 2). The trend of heavy metal load in the Hindon River water was observed to be Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd. Lower recorded values of DO and higher levels of EC, TDS, BOD, COD, TH, Nitrate Nitrogen, and Sulphates indicate high pollution levels in Hindon River water. TCC (MPN/100 ml) in water samples was found 7.4 × 104 in pre-monsoon season and 5.8 × 104 in a post-monsoon season, FCC (MPN/100 ml) were 4.5 × 104 in pre-monsoon and 3.6 × 104 in a post-monsoon season whereas SPC (CFU/ml) were 75 × 104 in pre-monsoon and 62 × 104 in post-monsoon. Analysis of water quality parameters was performed as per Standard Methods (APHA, 1998). The Correlation coefficient matrix has been obtained to validate the interrelationship between different physicochemical parameters. The results of our study show the necessity of regular monitoring of Hindon River water for the integrity of aquatic flora, fauna, and human health.
Highlights
Water is an important and widely distributed resource on earth
4.4 Water quality assessment of Hindon River based on Indian water quality standards
Central Pollution Control Board has defined “Water quality” as those Physical, Chemical, or Biological characteristics of water by which the user evaluates the acceptability of water” [31]
Summary
Water is an important and widely distributed resource on earth. It fulfills the various necessities of human civilization, improves climate and landscape quality, supports flora and fauna [1],and is recycled through the hydrological cycle. The World Bank estimates that polluted water is responsible for 21% of communicable diseases in India [7]. This situation is getting to be more serious if appropriate measures have not been taken. Regular monitoring and assessment of the water quality are obligatory for maintaining the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and for human health [9]. For regular monitoring and assessment, India has a relatively extensive set of environmental policies implemented through the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) ensures enforcement and implementation of these Environmental Laws to improve air and water quality in India [10]
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