Abstract
Rice–wheat (RW) rotation is the largest agriculture production system in South Asia with a multifaceted role in maintaining the livelihood of people. The customary practices and indiscriminate use of synthetic fertilizers have culminated in the decline of its productivity and profitability during the past two decades, thus affecting the sustainability of wheat. Safe Rock® Minerals (SRM) is a multi-nutrient rich natural rock mineral with great potential to manage soil degradation, reducing the input of fertilizers, improving soil fertility, and plant health. Thus, a field trial was conducted at the research farm of ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi from 2016 to 2018 to evaluate the impact of Safe Rock® Minerals (SRM) on biometric parameters, productivity, quality, and nutrient uptake by conventional wheat and System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) in the wheat–rice cropping system. The results indicate that SWI performed better in terms of growth, yield, and quality parameters than conventional wheat. Among nutrient management practices; the highest growth, yield, and yield attributes of wheat were achieved with the use of SRM application 250 kg ha−1 + 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF). SRM application also increased grain protein content significantly. In conclusion, the integrated use of SRM with organic manures can serve as an eco-friendly approach for sustainable wheat production.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the third most important staple food after rice and maize for the world’s population
3) is situated at an altitude of 228.60 m above mean sea level with a latitudinal longitudinal o o. These results provide strong evidence that the dual goals of enhancing productivity and quality of wheat substantially under rice–wheat cropping systems in Indo-Gangetic plains of Northern India can be achieved sustainably with Integrated Nutrient Management [12] using multi-nutrient rich and multifaceted Safe Rock® Minerals (SRM) [28] along with organic sources of nutrients
It was found that for sustaining the productivity of this system, the recommended dose of fertilizer may be supplemented with Safe Rock® Minerals (SRM) 250 kg ha−1
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the third most important staple food after rice and maize for the world’s population. SRM entices and holds Potassium, Ammonium, Calcium, and Magnesium along with other trace elements, which prevent free nutrients from leaching It is a mineral soil conditioner that had been authenticated for practice in organic agriculture. The practice of SRM in agricultural/farming will lead to a reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers, as it comprises of numerous minerals and trace elements essential for healthy crops and livestock [28]. This is achieved by its unique balance of nutrients as well as clay minerals, which increases microbial and earthworm activity and builds long term soil fertility [29]. I1n)c.reMmoernetosvinerg, rtohwe tlhowvaels‐t growth autetsrimbuigthetsbwe edrueemtoetahseuirnecdreianseodnalvyaSilRabMilit2y5o0fkagll ehsas−en1t.iaInl ncruetrmieenntstsdiune gtoroawpptlhicvataiolunes might bSeRMduaendtochtehmeicianlcfreertailsiezdersa.vBaaillaanbcielditcyroopf naulltrietsiosnenptliaayls nausitgrnieifnictasndt upaerttoin arapppidliccaetllion SRM adnivdisciohnemanidcaellofnegrtaitliioznerins.mBearilsatnemceadticcprolapntntuistsruiteiso, ngrpowlatyhs, pahsoitgonsyifintchaenstis,paanrdt ipnror‐apid cell d[te3ii0vn,i3ss1iyo].nnBthaanensddiys,eolwpoahndigchahytaiaoyrneetaianclc.m,o2ue0nr1ti0as[bt3el2em]faroetrpicothpretleadqnutthatnaitstisitnuatteeivsg,ergautrepodswuutrshge,eopfinh7o5t%thoesNypPnlaKtnhatengsdirsoF,wYaMtnhd protein sB5aynatnndhtdah7−y51eo%ospirsapN,dowPuhKhlytiratcyoyhmewatarhnaeeula.a,rtce,2c10soi.15gu0nmni[ft3giac2hba]alnre−te1lfpyoororiprmtthehpodersoptqvhhueaodat‐ncitonthimteteapgytoiirvesaltetde5udmopfugswsuhehragoe−1aeftto7ino5rv%atiehnrNey‐aPpspeKlpaalsniaocntandtgicorrFonoYwpoMstf,h5[3t 0h,a3−1]1. o1r00p%ouNltPrKy imn abnotuhreth1e.5semasgonh.a−1 or phospho-compost 5 mg ha−1 to rainy season crops, and 75% NPK to wheat, significantly improved the yield of wheat over-application of 100% NPK in both the season
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