Abstract
The Kuro-dake Campsite in Daisetsuzan National Park is situated in a fragile alpine setting. Since it opened in 1992, it has not been under formal management. With camping increasingly affecting the Kuro-dake Campsite, this study aims to gain deeper insights into the soil erosion and overcrowding at the campsite and to suggest a corresponding strategy for future management. A detailed topographic map was created using pole photogrammetry to understand the ground surface condition of the campsite in 2017. Aerial photographs taken in 2012 and 2017 were used to understand the long-term changes in the ground surface. Furthermore, questionnaire surveys with campers, interview surveys with organizations related to the park management and secondary data collection were conducted. Two gullies were identified on the topographic map of the campsite. From 2012 to 2017, the campsite size increased by 48 m2. The daily-use level on busy days is nearly seven times the mean daily-use level for the year. Some campers illegally pitch tents on nearby trails on such busy days. The questionnaire surveys in 2017 and 2018 (n = 346) show that most respondents oppose a future closure of the campsite and two-thirds oppose a use limit. The 2018 survey (n = 210) shows that 71% of respondents were not aware of the reservation system in national parks elsewhere; however, 76% agreed to a reservation system to secure their tent space. Introducing formal management oversight, along with a reservation system, is urgently needed.
Highlights
In national parks around the world, a park authority manages the places where campers can pitch tents, called “campgrounds” in this paper
This study examined the impacts of recreational activities on the current Kuro-dake Campsite
The unmanaged Kuro-dake Campsite must be upgraded to a campground, so that formal management can be practiced in order to control the human impact on natural resources and to provide a high-quality recreational experience
Summary
In national parks around the world, a park authority manages the places where campers can pitch tents, called “campgrounds” in this paper. The target of this study, are the unmanaged areas, called “campsites” in this paper. National park managers face the dilemma of protecting natural resources from human impact while providing recreational opportunities to visitors. Recreational use of public lands and campgrounds inevitably causes resource degradation, which can affect the ecosystem and compromise the quality of visitor experiences [1,2,3]. Camping intensively affects the resource conditions on each individual site and extensively affects them through site expansion and proliferation [4,5,6]. The impacted area of a campground increased significantly because of site expansion while the percentage of vegetation cover remained relatively stable [7].
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