Abstract
Simple SummaryThe nutritional recommendations for pigs largely focus on pigs with lean genotypes fed ad libitum until reaching up to 140 kg in body weight (BW). Under different rearing conditions, it is still unclear whether existing recommendations apply to pigs that weigh more than 140 kg in BW, especially in heavy pig production systems. In the current study, pigs growing from 90 to 200 kg in BW were raised with different feeding strategies. We observed that energy restriction had a negligible effect on pigs’ estimated metabolizable energy requirements at heavier BW under different feeding conditions. Under energy and protein restrictions, a value of 0.73 could be assumed as the maximum marginal efficiency of standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) utilization for protein deposition irrespective of BW, which corresponds to 9.8 g of SID lysine per 100 g of protein deposition as a minimum requirement.The current nutrient recommendations focus on pigs fed ad libitum up to 140 kg in body weight (BW). It remains unclear whether this applies to pigs weighing above 140 kg in BW under different rearing conditions. This study aimed to estimate protein (Pd) and lipid (Ld) depositions and the metabolizable energy (ME), standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID lysine) requirement and partitioning in 224 C21 Goland pigs (90–200 kg in BW). The control pigs (C) received diets limiting ME up to 170 kg in slaughter weight (SW) at 9 months of age (SA); older (OA) pigs had restricted diets limiting ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at >9 months SA; younger (YA) pigs were fed nonlimited amounts of ME and SID lysine up to 170 kg in SW at <9 months SA; and greater weight (GW) pigs were fed as the YA group, with 9 months SA at >170 kg in SW. The estimated MEm averaged 1.03 MJ/kg0.60. An 11% increase in MEm was observed in OA pigs compared to the controls. Energy restriction had negligible effects on the estimated MEm. The marginal efficiency of SID lysine utilization for Pd averaged 0.725, corresponding to a SID lysine requirement of 9.8 g/100 g Pd.
Highlights
Current nutrient recommendations for pigs by the NRC [1] focus on pigs with lean genotypes fed ad libitum until reaching up to 140 kg in body weight (BW)
We can infer that the NRC [1] ME used for maintenance (MEm) requirement of 1.02 MJ/kg0.60 is applicable for pigs weighing more than 140 kg in BW regardless of the restricted feeding regime
The modelling approach, based on repeated BW and BF measurements, used in the current experiment could have a practical application in estimating the metabolizable energy (ME) and the amino acid requirement of growing pigs through extended BW and feeding conditions
Summary
Current nutrient recommendations for pigs by the NRC [1] focus on pigs with lean genotypes fed ad libitum until reaching up to 140 kg in body weight (BW). This recommendation has limitations under the management practice(s) of heavy pig production systems for the dry-cured ham industry. For this industry, pigs are fed according to a variety of feeding strategies aimed to manipulate the age (SA) and the weight at slaughter (SW) for the improvement of the ham seasoning aptitude. Recent studies have compared restricted mediumprotein diets, restricted low-protein diets and ad libitum high-protein diets for Goland
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