Impact of Public Spending on the Quality of Life in Rural Bangladesh

Zannatul Fardoush

doi:10.14738/assrj.74.8067

Abstract

Public spending is one of the most effective instruments in improving the quality of life as an entrenched goal of economic development. However, as the resources are limited, a better distribution would, therefore, require a thorough investigation regarding the impact analysis of public spending on actual development factors. This paper has examined the link between public expenditures in different sectors of economy and improvement in the quality of life through the channel of agricultural growth or rural development in Bangladesh and also throughs the education channel such as the school enrollments. A simultaneous equation model in the form of a 3-Stage Least Square (3SLS) technique has been used to explore the impacts of public spending. By using the data from 1982-2017, this study finds that public spending in education, health, social safety net, and agriculture has positive impacts on the quality of life advancement. A 1 percent increase in public spending in education would result in an increase in quality of life (proxied by life expectancy) by 0.182 percent on average, ceteris paribus. The public expenditure elasticities in health, social safety net, and agriculture on the quality of life are found as 0.05, 0.03, 0.04 respectively. The only concern is the spending in the transportation and communication sector which is probably due to the misallocation and mismanagement of available resources and funds into this sector. Hence, to grasp the agricultural and rural development, the government should continue to institutionalize the policies that support the education of the poor in rural areas.

Highlights

Public spending is one of the most effective instruments in improving the quality of life as an entrenched goal of economic development
After reviewing related pieces of literature, this paper develops an analytical framework and applies it empirically to analyze the impact of different types of public expenditures on quality of life through rural development between 1982 and 2017
Simultaneous equation model technique has been used to explore the impacts of public spending in different sectors on improving the quality of life in rural areas through different channels

Summary

Introduction

Public spending is one of the most effective instruments in improving the quality of life as an entrenched goal of economic development It is inevitable in promoting agricultural growth and reducing poverty especially in rural areas of developing countries. Along with the government expenditure in the agriculture sector, rural development or agricultural growth depends upon non-agriculture expenditures such as rural infrastructure, health, education, social welfare or even transportation Since these investments may have differential productivity and poverty reduction effects, it is important to evaluate the spending in these sectors. Of the International Food Policy Research Institute estimated the effects of different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty in Africa [5] They found that government expenditures on agricultural research and extension services and that on rural roads have an impact on poverty reduction

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