Abstract
Introduction: Preeclampsia was recognized as a public health issue due to the increase in cases over the past decades. According to the World Health Organization, it affected 10 million women during pregnancy each year, causing 76,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 neonatal deaths related to hypertensive disorders. In Latin America, a quarter of maternal deaths were linked to these complications, with women in developing countries being the most vulnerable. In Peru, preeclampsia represented the second leading cause of maternal death, with hospital prevalence rates ranging between 10% and 14.2%.Development: Preeclampsia affected both the mother and the fetus, requiring continuous care to prevent complications. It emerged from the 20th week of pregnancy until the 30th day postpartum, presenting with hypertension, proteinuria, and occasionally edema. Its classifications included mild and severe preeclampsia, differentiated by symptom severity. The pathophysiology involved placental dysfunction and damage to target organs such as the brain, kidneys, and liver. Among the most severe complications were eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, which increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Dorothea Orem's self-care theory highlighted the importance of educating pregnant women about preventive practices, such as prenatal care and monitoring risk factors.Conclusions: Preeclampsia proved to be a complex and potentially fatal condition. Addressing it required comprehensive actions focused on prevention, education, and clinical management. In Peru, strengthening prenatal care programs and ensuring access to specialized services was essential to improve maternal-fetal health outcomes
Published Version
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