Abstract
The efficiency of stress-induced adaptive responses of plants depends on intricate coordination of multiple signal transduction pathways that act coordinately or, in some cases, antagonistically. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) can regulate protein activity and localization as well as protein–protein interactions in numerous cellular processes, thus leading to elaborate regulation of plant responses to various external stimuli. Understanding responses of crop plants under field conditions is crucial to design novel stress-tolerant cultivars that maintain robust homeostasis even under extreme conditions. In this review, proteomic studies of PTMs in crops are summarized. Although the research on the roles of crop PTMs in regulating stress response mechanisms is still in its early stage, several novel insights have been retrieved so far. This review covers techniques for detection of PTMs in plants, representative PTMs in plants under abiotic stress, and how PTMs control functions of representative proteins. In addition, because PTMs under abiotic stresses are well described in soybeans under submergence, recent findings in PTMs of soybean proteins under flooding stress are introduced. This review provides information on advances in PTM study in relation to plant adaptations to abiotic stresses, underlining the importance of PTM study to ensure adequate agricultural production in the future.
Highlights
Living organisms are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, and high ultraviolet irradiation [1]
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial because they can bring about fine-tuning of protein function, localization, half-life, and interactions to mitigate the potential damage of environmental stresses [5,6,7]
The research on crop protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their role in regulating stress responses are just beginning to become a subject of active study
Summary
Living organisms are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, extreme temperatures, drought, and high ultraviolet irradiation [1]. Organisms must adjust their physiology and development to assure their survival under changing conditions within a time range in diurnal, seasonal, annual periodicity or even on the order of several years to several tens of years [1,2]. Hormonal cross-talk modulates through interaction among signaling components determine plant responses to abiotic stresses when they occur simultaneously [4]. Plant proteomic technologies for analysis of representative PTM and involvement of PTMs are described in plant acclimation to environmental change such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, and succinylation. Recent advancement in PTM study in crops under abiotic stress is referenced, taking soybean seedlings under flooding stress as an example
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